Journal of Ecohumanism

The Effect of a Counseling Program on Acquiring Study Skills among Fourth-Year Middle School Pupils

LEGLIB NOUR EL HOUDA — 2026-05-23

The current study aimed to reveal the effect of a counseling program on acquiring study skills among fourth-year middle school pupils. The study included a sample of (10) male and female fourth-year middle school pupils, who were selected intentionally. The study relied on the quasi-experimental one-group approach. The study tools consisted of: the counseling program designed by the researcher, and the Study Skills Scale prepared by Hafiz Nabil Ibrahim et al. (2014). The statistical treatment of the study hypotheses was carried out using the statistical analysis program SPSS v20. The study reached the following results: there is an effective impact of the counseling program on acquiring study skills, as the results indicated the presence of statistically significant differences after exposure to the program sessions between the pre-measurement scores and the post-measurement scores among the members of the counseling group, in favor of the post-measurement scores, with no statistically significant differences between the post-measurement scores and the follow-up measurement scores, which confirms the effectiveness of the counseling program.

The traditional attire of the Chlefian woman: between local authenticity and Islamic-Andalusian and Ottoman influences- a decorative artistic study

Benadji Malika — 2026-05-25

This research addresses the study of traditional women's clothing in the Chlef region as an essential component of the local cultural identity, where a blend of the authenticity of deeply rooted social heritage and various civilizational influences, particularly Andalusian and Ottoman Islamic, is evident. The research seeks to elucidate the distinctive artistic and decorative characteristics of this attire by analyzing the elements of shape, color, and materials, as well as decoding its esthetic and symbolic meanings. The research also focuses on the role of cultural and historical exchange in shaping this material heritage, highlighting how external influences are employed in decorative details without losing the garment's local character. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach by studying selected models of Shalfi clothing in light of their historical and civilizational contexts. The results concluded that this garment constitutes a complex artistic expression reflecting rich civilizational interactions, necessitating its documentation and protection as part of collective memory and intangible cultural heritage.

Organic Law 23-14 Relating to Information and the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence

DJELLOUL Bakhadda — 2026-05-24

The challenges of the rapid technological revolution, which have affected all aspects of human life, whether social, cultural, political, or economic, have imposed themselves directly or indirectly, and all the societies composing this world, with its multiple customs, cultures, and orientations, have interacted with them. Due to the individual’s thirst for information and the pursuit of obtaining it by various means, whether governmental or private, and in line with the development of society and the informational chaos, which has become largely directed toward society, it has become necessary to keep legal texts relating to the media in line with the developments taking place, especially what is known as artificial intelligence. This term has captured the minds of all those passionate about knowledge and has recently appeared in news bulletins, to the extent that there is a Ministry of Artificial Intelligence in some countries. Algeria, through its amendment of the media law, is supposed to keep pace with developments in this field. Accordingly, the following question arises: To what extent has Organic Law 23-14 relating to the media interacted with the challenges of artificial intelligence?

The Problematic of Legal Compliance and Ethical Responsibility in the Organizational Environment

Hechache Hanane — 2026-05-24

The authority of an organization or institution requires a legal system to which the individuals working within it must adhere. The proper management and success of the institution depend on two basic factors: compliance with laws and organizational regulations as an imposed bureaucratic procedure, and ethical responsibility as a personal choice stemming from the individual’s values. Each of these is linked, on the one hand, to the management style and the economic nature of the institution, and, on the other hand, to the individual’s culture and value system. This is what management systems in most institutions focus on, as their success or failure depends on it. However, what is observed in the Algerian institution is that compliance with the law is completely absent under a culture of non-submission, because adherence to legal regulations is considered a weakness and a diminution of one’s value and status. Likewise, the individual’s ethical responsibility toward his work is marked by a value-based defect, which is considered the result of practices that were, and still are, prevalent in the organizational environment.

The United Nations and the Imperatives for Implementing the Rules of International Development Law

Nesrine Nemouchi — 2026-05-24

This article examines the United Nations’ role in promoting and operationalizing international development law, with particular emphasis on the normative and institutional architecture through which development has been framed as a shared international objective and a human right. It analyses key instruments such as the 1986 Declaration on the Right to Development and the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, alongside the contributions of UN organs including ECOSOC and UNDP in shaping policy guidance and disseminating development norms.The study finds that, despite significant normative consolidation, implementation remains structurally constrained by the predominantly soft-law character of international development law, donor-driven financing patterns, and asymmetric power relations within the UN system. It concludes that strengthening compliance requires more binding monitoring mechanisms and more inclusive participation of developing countries in agenda-setting and development governance.

Epidemiological Profile, Anthropometric Indicators, and Risk Factors of Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injuries Among Male Athletes: An Extensible Descriptive-Exploratory Study in Chlef Wilaya

Ziane Lahouari — 2026-05-24

Background: Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries present a critical structural and functional threat to athletes, often necessitating surgical intervention and inducing long-term joint instability. Objective: This extensible study investigated the epidemiological characteristics, anthropometric indicators, workload variables, and environmental factors associated with ACL tears among male athletes in Chlef Wilaya. Methodology: A descriptive-exploratory cross-sectional design was applied to a baseline sample of N = 36 male injured athletes. Precise physical parameters and injury environmental dynamics were processed using JAMOVI (v2.4). Both descriptive metrics and inductive statistics via Pearson’s Chi-Square (χ²) were deployed. Results: The cohort exhibited a mean BMI of 24.16 ± 2.98 kg/m². Team sports—specifically Handball (55.6\%) and Soccer (36.1\%)—predominated the sample. Critically, 63.9\% of ACL tears occurred on high-friction Multi-sports halls and 25.0\% on Artificial grass during active exercise (97.2\%). Inductive analysis revealed a statistically significant association between the flooring type where the tear occurred and the sport discipline (χ² = 38.6, p < 0.001). Conclusion: ACL failure in Chlef is highly multifactorial, driven by elevated mechanical loading and interaction with high-torque synthetic and turf fields. This registry remains open for prospective database expansions.

Levels of Academic Burnout among Students of Psychology and Educational Sciences at the University of El Oued : An Exploratory Descriptive Study

Yamina falah — 2026-05-24

The present study addressed an academic psychological disorder experienced by a considerable category of university students due to the accumulation of several factors. This disorder is academic burnout. The present study aims to reveal the levels of academic burnout among students of Psychology and Educational Sciences at the University of El Oued, by adopting the descriptive exploratory method. In this study, a questionnaire was designed to measure academic burnout among students, consisting of 34 items. After calculating the validity and reliability of the questionnaire, we found that the questionnaire has a high level of validity and a high level of reliability, which indicates excellent reliability of the instrument. The questionnaire was also administered to a sample consisting of one hundred male and female students, selected through a stratified random method from the various specializations of Psychology and Educational Sciences at the University of El Oued.

Several results were reached, the most important of which are: There are three levels of academic burnout among students of Psychology and Educational Sciences at the University of El Oued:

Low academic burnout

Moderate academic burnout

High academic burnout

Students who suffer from academic burnout need psychological assistance.

The Role of Using Generative Artificial Intelligence Applications in Improving University Students' Academic Performance: A Field Study on a Sample of University Students

KADDOUR Ali — 2026-05-26

This study aims to analyze the role of generative artificial intelligence (AI) applications in improving the academic performance of university students, through a field study involving 63 undergraduate and postgraduate students. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical methodology based on a questionnaire covering four dimensions: the use of generative AI applications, educational benefits, cognitive skills, and academic performance. Statistical analysis employed percentages, Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, and Pearson’s correlation coefficient.The findings revealed that 76.2% of the sample had previously used generative AI applications. The results further demonstrated a statistically significant positive correlation between the use of these applications and improvements in academic performance. The study additionally confirmed that educational benefits and cognitive skills both contribute positively to improved student outcomes, reflecting the importance of conscious and structured use of AI in supporting university-level learning.

Perceived Parental Accompaniment among School-Attending Adolescents: A Field Study in the City of Touggourt

Fatima Zahra Hadj Sabri — 2026-05-24

The current study aimed to identify the level of perceived parental support among adolescents. It also sought to identify differences in the level of perceived parental support according to the variables of: (gender, age, educational level), adopting the descriptive method appropriate for this type of study. In order to ensure the achievement of the main objective of the current study, the researcher worked on constructing the Perceived Parental Support Scale for Adolescents. After verifying its psychometric adequacy, it was applied to the target sample, which consisted of (146 male and female adolescents) selected randomly from school-attending students in some educational institutions in Touggourt Province. The data were statistically processed using SPSS version 20. The study resulted in the following findings:

- There was a high level of perceived parental support among the sample members.

- There were no statistically significant differences in the level of perceived parental support among the sample members attributable to the variables of: (gender, age, educational level).

Conflict of Interest as a Significant Aspect in Tree Planting to Support Green Infrastructure in Cultural Landscape

Milena MOYZEOVÁ — 2026-05-30

The aim of this paper is to present landscape ecological research on green infrastructure in the cultural landscape of Slovakia. Part of the methodological procedure is a proposal for greening the landscape with non-forest woody vegetation. The function of non-forest woody vegetation is determined based on the value of ecological stability and specified conflicts of interest. We differentiated the territory of Slovakia according to variations in ecological stability of the cadastral territories of urban and rural settlements of the Slovak Republic (i) and the identified conflicts of interest between positive and negative socio-economic phenomena (ii). We proposed such functions of non-forest woody vegetation in the specified regions so that the heritage features are restored to the greatest extent possible and the traditional character of the territory with a high-quality living environment and a rich diversity of plant and animal species is preserved (iii). The proposed functions of non-forest woody vegetation in areas of real conflicts of interest will mitigate the negative impacts of stress factors on humans, soil, water, forest and biotic resources and contribute to increasing ecological stability and improving the overall ecological state of ecosystems in the given regions.

The Effect of Training Age of Under-19 Football Players on Some Physiological Variables of the Cardiocirculatory System (Heart Rate - Blood Pressure)

Abdeldjelil chahrazed — 2026-05-30

This study aimed to identify the effect of training age on some physiological variables of the cardiovascular system, namely resting heart rate, post-exercise heart rate, and post-recovery heart rate for one minute, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressure during the same periods, in under-19 football players. The researcher used the descriptive method with correlation and comparison techniques, as it was suitable for the nature of the study. To confirm the problem and its existence, the researcher conducted a pilot study, which showed that players with more training age had a better understanding of heart rate levels and training loads, as evidenced by their heart rate and its variations during training phases, compared to those with less training age.

To verify the validity, reliability, and objectivity of the tests and measurements used in the study, the researcher conducted a pilot study on a random sample of 19 players. The results showed that the tests demonstrated a high degree of validity, reliability, and objectivity.

In the main study, the researcher used a sample of 98 players under 19 years of age, representing 8 teams from the east, west, central, and southern regions of Skikda province. These players were selected purposively. The researcher relied on physiological measurements and physical tests in the main study. The physiological measurements consisted of measuring heart rate and systolic and diastolic blood pressure at rest, immediately after exertion, and finally after a one-minute recovery period.

The results showed that...

- Differences exist between under-19 football players according to their training age groups in functional variables (resting heart rate).

- Differences exist between under-19 football players according to their training age groups in functional variables (heart rate and systolic blood pressure after exertion).

- Differences exist between under-19 football players according to their training age groups in functional variables (diastolic blood pressure after exertion).

Applications of Artificial Intelligence in Higher Education in Algeria

Radia BETATACHE — 2026-05-24

This research paper aims to explore the applications of artificial intelligence in higher education in Algeria, in light of the growing interest among university lecturers, researchers, and students in using its applications in the field of higher education. The Algerian State has also attached great importance to this area. The study concluded that the application of artificial intelligence in higher education has become an unavoidable necessity, given the advantages it offers. It also emphasises the need to provide an appropriate environment for its proper and safe use, and training in its use.

Artificial Intelligence and Economic Productivity: A Comparative Assessment of Algeria's Readiness and Development Prospects

Lakhdar ZIANE — 2026-05-30

Artificial intelligence (AI) is rapidly transforming global economies by enhancing productivity, enabling innovation, and reshaping labor markets. While advanced economies have integrated AI technologies at scale, emerging economies such as Algeria face structural and institutional challenges that limit the potential impact of AI on productivity growth (Agrawal, Gans, & Goldfarb, 2019; Acemoglu & Restrepo, 2020). This study provides a comparative assessment of Algeria’s readiness to adopt AI for economic productivity, benchmarking its performance against Morocco, Egypt, and Turkey. Using data from the World Bank (2022), Oxford Insights Government AI Readiness Index, and sector-specific studies, the analysis identifies strengths, gaps, and opportunities for AI-driven economic transformation. Findings reveal that Algeria exhibits significant lag in digital infrastructure, human capital, and institutional frameworks compared to peers, yet targeted investments and policy reforms could accelerate AI adoption and productivity gains (Brynjolfsson, Rock, and Syverson, 2017; McKinsey & Company, 2023). The paper concludes with policy recommendations to foster a conducive environment for AI integration, positioning Algeria to leverage technological advances for sustainable economic growth.

Strategies of Transformation in Contemporary Maghrebi Cultural Narrative: Openness of Form and Experimentation through the Autobiography Chants of Salt (A Hirak Autobiography) by Larbi Ramdani as a Model

Medakene keltoum — 2026-05-24

The cumulative transformations within the Maghrebi reality at large, and the Algerian context specifically, have profoundly impacted literary discourse. Maghrebi cultural narrative has consequently sought to produce texts that transcend conventional constants, formal boundaries, and strict intertextuality. It achieves this by disrupting the established narrative paradigm and opening a single discourse to interacting discursive structures and other artistic mediums. Within this framework, this study examines Larbi Ramdani’s novel, Anashid al-Milh (Songs of Salt), as a text predominantly shaped by the autobiographical genre. By intersecting intertextually with various expressive forms, the novel generates a novel narrative-discursive synthesis and an unconventional structural framework. Accordingly, this study aims to reveal the primary experimental mechanisms and strategies employed by the author. Furthermore, it explores the aesthetic impact of this discursive openness within the autobiography, through the lens of literary dialogism and intertextuality, by examining the innovative artistic techniques that have reshaped the creative process."

Job Satisfaction among School and Vocational Guidance Counselors: An Empirical Study in Aflou, Algeria

Aissi Denia — 2026-05-24

This study aimed to examine the level of job satisfaction among school and vocational guidance counsellors in Aflou, Algeria, and to identify whether statistically significant differences existed according to gender, academic qualification/specialisation, and professional experience. The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected using a 27-item Job Satisfaction Scale adapted from the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire. The instrument was administered to a main sample of 50 school and vocational guidance counsellors, while a pilot sample of 30 counsellors was used to verify its validity and reliability. The results revealed that counsellors reported a moderate level of job satisfaction. Significant differences were found according to gender, whereas no statistically significant differences were found according to academic qualification/specialisation or professional experience. The study recommends improving counsellors’ working conditions, clarifying their professional role, and reducing non-counselling administrative duties.

Parental Accompaniment and Its Role in Promoting Children’s Public Health

Abd el Malek Boudour — 2026-05-24

The primary aim of this paper is to become thoroughly acquainted with the facts related to parental accompaniment, and as a research priority in this paper is to determine its role in promoting children’s public health within the family environment. Various studies confirm that a harmonious and healthy development of the child can only be achieved through the family environment, where particular attention is paid to the child’s personality, including its weaknesses and strengths, and where both apparent and latent abilities are invested to assist the child throughout their developmental stages, without neglecting the basic health, psychological, and social difficulties and problems that may emerge later.

The integration of Artificial intelligence into public relations practices A theoretical and Analytical perspective

Bougaga Yasmine — 2026-06-04

The topic of artificial intelligence has arisen as a prominent and significant field of research, generating growing attention from scholars and academics across various specialties. In this context, the present research paper seeks to explore the adoption of artificial intelligence tools in public relations activities, with a view to identify the most commonly AI tools that contributes the enhance public relations effectiveness. Furthermore, the study also strives to analyze the challenges encountered by PR professionals while using AI tools as a part of their communication strategy.

The Impact of AI on Adolescent Cognition and Mental Health: An International Literature Review (2024-2026)

Ida KRUTI — 2026-06-05

The influence of artificial intelligence (AI) affects adolescents' academic performance, psychological development, and cognitive evolution. Artificial intelligence has a positive as well as a negative effect adolescents have found in many studies. This literature review focused on a collection of descriptive and empirical articles that were published between January 2024 and April 2026 in English language, examining how AI influences adolescents across three domains: academic performance, cognitive development, and psychological well-being. This literature review includes findings from 13 different countries including the United States, China, Japan, Argentina, Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Germany, Spain, Italy, Romania, Indonesia, and Albania. To identify relevant literature, searches were conducted using ResearchGate, Google Search, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The collected data indicate that the education outcomes, cognitive trajectories, and psychological health of adolescents are significantly influenced by their engagement with artificial intelligence. The review emphasizes the need for balanced use of AI in education and outlines essential directions for future research regarding the developmental impacts.

Assessment of Executive Functions (Inhibition, Planning, and Mental Flexibility) in Patients with Multiple Sclerosis: A Study in Cognitive Neuropsychology

Fathi Ouada — 2026-05-24

The present study aimed to assess executive functions (inhibition, planning, and mental flexibility) in patients with multiple sclerosis. The study used a sample consisting of three cases selected intentionally, applying the case study method. The researcher applied the following study tools, taken from the Brief Cognitive Assessment Battery for patients with multiple sclerosis (BC COG SEP): the Go/No-Go test, the Trail Making Test (TMT), and the Clock Drawing Test (CDT).

The results of the study concluded that:

- Patients with multiple sclerosis suffer from cognitive impairment at the level of inhibition function.

- Patients with multiple sclerosis suffer from cognitive impairment at the level of planning function.

- Patients with multiple sclerosis suffer from cognitive impairment at the level of mental flexibility function.

Methods of Preservation and Display of Composite Materials at the Rusicade Municipal Museum, Skikda

Zaitri Ali — 2026-06-07

This study examines the conservation and restoration of composite materials preserved at the Rusicada Museum in Skikda, Algeria. It highlights the significance of safeguarding archaeological objects composed of different materials, such as metals, wood, glass, and ceramics. The study discusses the challenges encountered in the conservation process due to the diverse physical and chemical properties of these materials and their interactions with environmental factors, including humidity, temperature fluctuations, and pollution. It also reviews the methods used for examination and diagnosis to identify deterioration phenomena, as well as the cleaning, consolidation, and restoration techniques employed while preserving the authenticity and historical value of the artifacts. The study emphasizes that preventive conservation and proper environmental control within museum spaces are essential for protecting archaeological collections and extending their lifespan. These measures contribute significantly to the preservation of cultural heritage and ensure its transmission to future generations.

Optimal Electricity Consumption in the Agricultural Sector and Its Implications for Startups: An AI Enabled Photovoltaic Approach

Mohammed El Amine Abdel Hafidi — 2026-06-04

This paper examines optimal electricity consumption in the agricultural sector, starting from the realities of remote areas where grid connection is weak or absent. Such constraints disrupt irrigation operations, hinder product cooling and cold chain storage, complicate the preservation of veterinary medicines and vaccines, and ultimately increase operating costs and production risks. In this context, photovoltaic (PV) solar systems have emerged as a practical and promising alternative. However, field performance is neither stable nor automatically efficient, it is shaped by multiple technical and operational factors dust accumulation, high temperatures, partial shading, installation and configuration issues, undetected faults, and poor storage management leading to energy losses and a higher effective cost per kilowatt hour actually delivered.The study aims to highlight the role that startups can play in rationalizing electricity use and improving PV system performance on farms through Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Internet of Things (IoT) solutions. These include generation forecasting, agricultural load scheduling (especially water pumping), maximum power point tracking, solar tracking, intelligent fault detection, and predictive maintenance, in addition to technical advisory services and user training. Using a descriptive–analytical approach based on recent literature and an analysis of Algeria’s national regulatory framework for startups, the paper concludes that optimal energy use in agriculture cannot be achieved through hardware alone. Rather, it requires a smart service layer driven by startups within a supportive ecosystem that includes targeted financing, data governance, stronger university–farm linkages, and technical interoperability standards.

Social Approach of The Importance of Physical Sports Activities in Developing Social Relationships Among Secondary School Students: A Field Study of High Schools in Chlef Province - Age Group (15-18 Years)

Mohammed KHERROUBI — 2026-05-27

This study examines the critical role of physical and sports activities in fostering and sustaining social relationships among high school students aged 15 to 18. Utilizing a descriptive analytical approach, the researcher gathered data from 83 students at Tariq Ibn Ziyad High School using structured questionnaires and Moreno's sociometric tests. The findings confirm that active participation in sports significantly builds positive social connections, with notable variations in relationship dynamics based on the students' gender and whether they participated in individual or team sports. Ultimately, the study recommends optimizing physical education classes to promote collaborative spirits, enhance social cohesion, and reduce isolation among adolescents.

Constitutional Judiciary in Maghreb Countries: The Algerian and Tunisian Constitutional Courts as Models :Tradition or Transformation in Constitutional Justice?

Farid Allouache — 2026-06-08

This article aims to shed light on the most important constitutional bodies tasked with ensuring and safeguarding the protection and respect of the constitutional legal rule. It is observed from the outset that the spread of judicial review over the constitutionality of laws is accompanied by a decline in political oversight, which may give the impression that judicial oversight is better than political oversight. This prompted us to conduct this study, through which we highlight the two most important constitutional courts in the Maghreb, namely the Algerian Constitutional Court and its Tunisian counterpart, by addressing the founding texts of these courts, as well as their composition and the powers granted to them, in order to confirm or deny the ability of these bodies to perform their assigned role.

Exploring Opportunities and Challenges of Entrepreneurship in Algeria’s Media Industry: Insights from Media and Communication Faculty Members at Algerian Universities

Boudra Djamel — 2026-06-10

The study aimed to analyze the challenges and opportunities facing entrepreneurship in the media industry in Algeria, based on the views of 44 media professors. The results showed that the main challenges include difficulty in securing funding, lack of financial sustainability, and intellectual property protection. The study also highlighted that changes in media content consumption patterns present opportunities for developing innovative projects that meet the needs of the audience. There is a clear need for strategies to support funding, enhance cybersecurity, and encourage innovation to ensure sustainability in the sector.

The Impact Of The Bab Al-Mandeb Strait Crisis On The European Economy

Zaouia Rachida — 2026-06-10

This study examines the impact of the Bab al-Mandeb Strait crisis on the European economy, focusing on two key dependent variables: inflation and the Euro Stoxx 50 index. By examining these variables, this research seeks to elucidate the broader economic ramifications of geopolitical instability in maritime chokepoints. Given the integral role of the Bab al-Mandab Strait in global trade, disruptions here could precipitate significant economic consequences for Europe, a major hub of global commerce and industry. The findings of this study are expected to provide valuable insights into the interplay between maritime security and economic stability, informing policy decisions and strategic responses to future crises. In a global economy increasingly susceptible to regional conflicts, understanding the economic impact of such disruptions is paramount for fostering resilience and ensuring sustained economic growth.

The Influence of the Damascene Environment on the Poetic Experience in the Diwan of Al-Wa'wa' Al-Dimashqi

Ahmad Abdul Karim Al-Mulqi — 2026-06-09

It is an analytical study of Al-Wa'wa' Al-Dimashqi's poetical experience initiated by qualification of elements of place in the poet's collection within seminars of the proper shape and simonize the evidences within distinctively separated word fields. The research adopted the analytical approach, which is based on analyzing poetic texts in light of their semantic, urban, psychological and artistic dimensions. The foundation for this research is that the themes, imagery and mood of al-Wa'wa's poetry were influenced by the environment of Damascus but did not describe it. The study has confirmed that the presence of the city within al-Wa'wa's poetry was conscious and partial, and also had a focus on aspects of urban life, including socialised aspects such as meetings and its related style of language. The results also showed that the streets of Damascus have a definite psychological effect, with a mood of quietude, calm, comfortable surroundings and a sense of a home-like atmosphere. Moreover, the environment also helped to influence the poet's poetic imagery, language, and vocabulary within this "prescribed" balance of the place and the rhetorical culture of the time.

Slavery in the System of Trans-Saharan Caravans: The Status of Slaves in the Commercial Caravans between the Sudan Region and the Islamic Maghreb during the Medieval Period

Salim Hadj Sad — 2026-02-09

This study examines the status and experiences of slaves within the trans-Saharan caravan system linking the Islamic Maghreb and the Sudanese regions during the medieval period. It explores the organization and composition of commercial caravans, the routes connecting the Eastern, Central, and Western Maghreb with the Sudan, and the significance of the slave trade as an important component of trans-Saharan commerce. Drawing on medieval Arabic geographical and historical sources, including the works of al-Bakrī, Ibn Hawqal, al-Idrīsī, Ibn Battuta, and Ibn Khaldūn, the study highlights the natural and human challenges encountered by slaves during caravan journeys. It demonstrates that slaves occupied different positions within the caravans, either as guards and laborers or as commodities intended for sale, and that they endured severe hardships arising from the harsh desert environment, scarcity of water, extreme climatic conditions, attacks by bandits, and various forms of physical and psychological exploitation. The study concludes that the trans-Saharan caravan system imposed particularly harsh conditions on slaves, who represented the most vulnerable group within these commercial networks, and whose suffering constituted an integral yet often overlooked aspect of medieval Afro-Maghrebi trade relations.

A Socio-Health Reading of Health Education as a Preventive Mechanism in Society

Meguellati Aida — 2026-05-24

Health education forms an entire operation that aims to improve consciousness and health knowledge. It reinforces positive behaviour on individual and society level, and it covers various fields of nutrition and physical activity to mental and sexual health. It includes positive changes in awareness and behaviour. Health educational efforts contributes in reducing the spread of diseases and improving the quality of life. The outcomes are reflected in the enhancement of individual and collective well-being, and in the formation of healthy and sustainable communities.

Extremism: A Social Analysis of the Factors Causing the Emergence of Extremism

Boulacheb Hakima — 2026-06-12

Extremism is an ideological and behavioral phenomenon through which individuals and groups adopt ideas and beliefs that go beyond the bounds of moderation in thought and practice. Extremism manifests itself when an individual or group rigidly adheres to certain views and beliefs while rejecting opposing viewpoints. Extremism is often based on a rejection of dialogue, discussion, and coexistence with those who are different. Sociologically speaking, an extremist personality is a pattern of thought and behavior that takes shape within a specific social context and is influenced by environmental and cultural factors; it is a personality that feels socially excluded, marginalized, and poorly integrated into society. Psychologically, extremism is understood as a pattern of thought and behavior linked to psychological mechanisms that make the individual more susceptible to adopting radical and exclusionary ideas. Extremism manifests in various forms,it may be ideological, religious, political, or social .and therefore combating it requires joint efforts from all sectors, including educational institutions, the media, and the family, with the aim of fostering a culture of dialogue to reduce the tendency to be drawn into extremist ideas. Accordingly, this article aims to provide a sociological analysis of the phenomenon of extremism by highlighting the social and psychological factors that contribute to individuals joining extremist groups, as well as identifying ways to prevent it.

From Authenticity to Consumption: The Commodification of Intangible Heritage in the Cultural Tourism Economy: A Critical Approach in Light of the Frankfurt School

Rabia Rayane Benoumessad — 2026-06-11

The study analyzes the transformation of intangible cultural heritage within the cultural tourism economy, with a focus on processes of commodification and cultural reconfiguration, It adopts a critical approach grounded in the Frankfurt School, particularly the concept of the “Cultural Industry” developed by Adorno and Horkheimer, to examine how living cultural practices are turned into consumable and market-oriented products, The study concludes that, despite dominant narratives of preservation and development, cultural tourism often leads to the standardization and simplification of heritage under market logic and tourist expectations, Authenticity is understood as a socially constructed and dynamic concept that is continuously reshaped within tourism contexts, Ultimately, the relationship between intangible cultural heritage and cultural tourism is characterized by a structural tension between cultural preservation and economic rationalization, whereby capitalist logic contributes to transforming heritage into a commodified cultural good.

The Influence of Economic Intelligence on the Strategic Decision-Making Process: The Case of Entreprise Nationale des Industries Électroniques (ENIE)

BOUTIBA Mokhtaria — 2026-06-10

This study examines the impact of CI on the strategic decision-making process within ENIE. A quantitative survey was conducted among 35 employees, including managers and supervisors, using a structured questionnaire. The data were analyzed with SPSS v.26 and Smart PLS v.4 to test the model’s reliability and validate the research hypotheses.The results indicate a positive correlation between the adoption of CI practices (strategic intelligence, information protection, and influence) and the effectiveness of decisions at all stages. These findings confirm the central role of competitive intelligence as a strategic lever for enhancing organizational performance and competitiveness.

Financial Inclusion as a Mechanism for Enhancing the Growth of Startups in Algeria

Wafaa Madani — 2026-06-09

This study aims to analyze the role of financial inclusion in supporting and developing startups in Algeria by highlighting its contribution to improving access to financing and financial services, as well as fostering innovation and entrepreneurship. The study is of particular importance due to its connection with one of the fundamental pillars of modern economic development, as startups represent an effective tool for wealth creation, job generation, and economic growth stimulation.The study adopted a descriptive-analytical approach by presenting the theoretical concepts related to financial inclusion and startups and analyzing statistical data concerning Algeria during the period 2022–2025 in order to explore the relationship between them.The findings revealed that the expansion of financial inclusion has facilitated startups’ access to financing and banking services, which has positively impacted their performance, sustainability, innovation capacity, and competitiveness. Furthermore, startups have contributed to job creation and the support of the national economy. In light of these findings, the study recommends strengthening financial literacy among entrepreneurs, expanding the use of digital financial services, supporting financial technology (FinTech), improving financial infrastructure, and simplifying financing procedures. These measures would contribute to enhancing financial inclusion and supporting the growth of startups in Algeria.

The Impact of Competitive Analysis on the Creation of Marketing Opportunities in Algerian Startups: A Study of the Mediating Role of Marketing Intelligence Using PLS-SEM Structural Equation Modeling

Guendouz Amina — 2026-06-20

This study examines the impact of competitive analysis on the creation of marketing opportunities in Algerian startups, while investigating the mediating role of marketing intelligence. Using a sample of 30 startups and the PLS-SEM approach through SmartPLS 4, the findings reveal that competitive analysis positively influences both marketing intelligence and marketing opportunities. The results also confirm that marketing intelligence partially mediates this relationship, enhancing startups’ ability to identify and exploit market opportunities. The study highlights the strategic importance of transforming competitive information into actionable marketing knowledge to strengthen competitiveness and growth.

Reflections on the Phenomenological Description of the Experience of a Teacher in a Colombian Public School

Maricela Correa Castrillón — 2026-06-25

This paper is the result of a research process focused on studying the experience of teachers in Colombian public schools. It argues that, based on a phenomenological description, it is possible to challenge the instrumentalist perspective that permeates this experience. Among the various approaches to phenomenology, I opt for Michel Henry’s (2015) proposal, which explores the deepest layers of the unfolding of experience and describes affectivity as the ultimate foundation of meaning-making. Reclaiming Henry’s perspective entails a particular approach to the study of experience, where, in addition to transcendence, I attend to the ontological sphere of immanence. It is the broadening of meaning with respect to the ontological realities in which life finds its fulfillment that allows us to consider reframing the lived experience in school, as well as to raise questions about how different concepts related to it are understood. In particular, this article reflects on the concepts of knowledge and education.

The construction of Latin American cultural identity in Manuel Ugarte’s correspondence

KHELIFA Fatima — 2026-06-17

This research paper analyses the political and intellectual stance of Manuel Ugarte, an Argentine writer, journalist and diplomat, noted for his steadfast defence of the Latin American cause. The writer maintained an extensive correspondence with intellectuals of international standing to highlight a shared concern centred on the search for a distinct continental voice, whilst rejecting all forms of political, economic and cultural subordination to the United States. These men of letters defended their own identity, rooted in indigenous culture, mestizo heritage and local traditions, whilst not entirely distancing themselves from European and North American influences. Much of the correspondence demonstrates that this intellectual community drew primarily on the historical context of the era and the circumstances surrounding it. From this perspective, the study of this correspondence aims to highlight the political, cultural and ideological aspirations that Latin American intellectuals sought to convey, employing a historical-intellectual approach, as well as analysing the discursive strategies used in the construction of Latin American identity.

Study of digital discourse in the Algerian sociolinguistic context

Aoudia Noura — 2026-05-24

This work falls within the field of sociolinguistics and aims to analyze the linguistic practices of young Algerians on social media, particularly Facebook. Using a corpus of posts and comments collected on this platform, the study will examine code-switching, understood as the shift from one linguistic system to another within the same discursive exchange. The research will identify the forms this resource takes, the varieties involved, and the functions it fulfills in technology-mediated communication. Furthermore, the characteristics of digital discourse will be analyzed to understand how users mobilize their linguistic repertoires in this environment. In this way, the study seeks to contribute to a better understanding of the communicative behaviors of Algerian internet users by promoting the creation and dissemination of expressive mechanisms specific to online interaction.

Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Research in Sociological Studies : "Conceptual and Analytical Reading of Methodological Pluralism Between Problematization and Integration"

Nabila Benoumhani — 2026-06-25

This article aims to shed light on the debate surrounding quantitative, qualitative, and mixed research through an epistemological and conceptual approach, based on the intellectual foundations of these three types of research within the fields of scientific inquiry in general and sociological studies in particular. It seeks to highlight the methodological problem faced by sociology researchers when studying social phenomena, namely, how to reconcile the nature of the phenomenon under investigation with the paradigm adopted in formulating the research problem in sociology. This would thus overcome the biases and subjectivity that may affect the construction of a research object, whether it be quantitative, qualitative, or mixed.

Purpose-oriented reasoning in Hajj-related issues between tradition and contemporary reality: An analytical study of al-Wansharisi's fatwas in al-Mi'yar al-Mu'rib

El mohri Monia — 2026-05-25

This study examines the maqāṣidī (higher objectives of Islamic law) dimension of contemporary Hajj-related legal issues through Al-Miʿyār al-Muʿrib wa al-Jāmiʿ al-Mughrib ʿan Fatāwā Ahl Ifrīqiyā wa al-Andalus wa al-Maghrib by Imam al-Wansharīsī. It aims to demonstrate the role of the higher objectives of Islamic law (Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah) in shaping juristic reasoning concerning issues related to Hajj and ʿUmrah. The study adopts an inductive-analytical methodology by examining the Hajj-related legal cases documented in Al-Miʿyār al-Muʿrib and analyzing them in light of the theory of Maqāṣid al-Sharīʿah, while also relating them to selected contemporary issues concerning Hajj organization, crowd management, and public health measures.The study concludes that maqāṣid-oriented juristic reasoning played a fundamental role in the legal opinions of the jurists of the Maghrib and al-Andalus. In cases of conflict, the objectives of preserving religion, safeguarding human life, and maintaining public security were given precedence over certain individual interests associated with the performance of Hajj rituals. The findings further demonstrate that many contemporary issues—such as regulating the number of pilgrims, prohibiting the sale of Hajj visas, wearing face masks during iḥrām, and staying at ʿArafāt or outside Minā—can be understood and addressed within the framework of the universal objectives of Islamic law, particularly the preservation of life, the removal of hardship, and the realization of public order.

Environmental Awareness in the Holy Quran: A Maqasid-Based Study of the Values of Stewardship, Development, and Sustainability

Delhoum Lakhdar — 2026-06-28

This study, entitled “Environmental Awareness in the Qur’an: A Maqāṣid-Based Study of the Values of Stewardship, Civilizational Development, and Sustainability,” examines the concept of the environment in the Qur’an within the framework of Qur’anic objectives (Maqāṣid) and the Islamic civilizational worldview. It does so through an inductive analysis of Qur’anic cosmological verses and an exploration of their theological, environmental, and developmental implications.The study is based on the premise that the Qur’an does not approach the environment as a neutral natural setting; rather, it presents it within an integrated purposive discourse aimed at cultivating human awareness of the relationship between God, humanity, and the universe. This relationship is founde upon balance, responsibility, and stewardship (istikhlāf). Accordingly, the research seeks to establish a Qur’anic conceptualization of the environment and compare it with contemporary definitions employed in environmental sciences, law, geography, and sustainable development studies.The findings reveal that the Qur’anic concept of the environment is grounded in several fundamental principles, most notably comprehensiveness, balance (mīzān), stewardship, the prohibition of corruption and environmental degradation, and the ethical regulation of humanity’s utilization of natural resources. The study further demonstrates that while the Qur’anic discourse converges with contemporary environmental perspectives in emphasizing ecological interconnectedness and sustainability, it distinguishes itself by integrating teleological and ethical dimensions within a comprehensive monotheistic worldview.Methodologically, the research employs both analytical and quantitative approaches to examine key environmental terms in the Qur’an, including heaven, earth, rain, winds, and mountains. The analysis highlights their semantic density and their maqāṣid-oriented function in shaping belief, fostering environmental awareness, and guiding human conduct toward nature. These elements are shown to serve purposes beyond mere description, functioning instead as signs that affirm divine unity, remind humanity of God’s blessings, encourage reflection, and regulate human interaction with the natural world.From a civilizational perspective, the study argues that the Qur’an offers an integrated environmental vision that views the environment as a sphere of stewardship and constructive development in accordance with universal laws based on equilibrium and the avoidance of corruption. It establishes a profound connection between natural phenomena and moral values, thereby laying the foundation for a sustainable civilizational model. Moreover, the cosmological verses contribute to the construction of faith by guiding human beings from empirical observation to spiritual certainty and by linking environmental phenomena to the higher objectives of monotheism, resurrection, and accountability.The study concludes that the Qur’anic environmental discourse advances a multidimensional vision that transcends descriptive treatment and seeks to cultivate an ethical and civilizational consciousness. Within this framework, human beings are entrusted with environmental responsibility as a divine trust (amānah), required to maintain a balance between the utilization and preservation of resources in accordance with the objectives of Islamic law, which harmonize the development of the earth with devotion to God.

Imagining New York 2140 as an Urban Archipelago of Climate Futures and Alternative Modernities

Amrani Mohammed — 2026-07-04

This article argues that Kim Stanley Robinson’s New York 2140 creates what this article calls the “accidental archipelago,” a broken and waterlogged city form that capitalism did not directly plan, but that its own excesses have unintentionally produced. Through this fragmented city, the novel creates spatial and social conditions where different forms of modern life become possible. Reading the novel through the connected ideas of the Capitalocene, critical island studies, speculative urbanism, and critical utopianism, the article makes three original contributions to existing scholarship on Robinson’s novel. First, the idea of the accidental archipelago adds to the language of island studies and climate fiction by naming an urban space created by climate change; this idea does not fit ordinary ideas of the city or the island. Second, the article argues that Robinson’s seven-narrator structure reflects this archipelagic logic in form: the novel itself becomes an archipelago of different voices that come together at the moment of political rupture, just as the debtors’ strike brings the plot to its end. Third, the article develops archipelagic utopianism as spatial rather than temporal, uncertain rather than fixed, and relational rather than sovereign, as a useful way of imagining politics in the Capitalocene.

Community environmental management and the role of women: Case study of Laguna de Tres Palos and the coastal community of El Arenal, Gro., México

Juan Camilo Cardona Castaño — 2026-07-09

Of this research was to examine community ecological management from the perspective of women's roles, reflecting on new ways of understanding socio-environmental problems in the Tres Palos lagoon and the Arenal community. A phenomenological approach was adopted, considering the processes of noema and noesis and the construction of spaces for dialogue and participation for women in the community. Twenty women who have lived in El Arenal for decades and interacted with the Tres Palos ecosystem were included. Underscore the need to give women a voice in the process of environmental conservation and to document their experiences as a conceptual basis for decision-making, as a starting point toward gender-equitable governance. These decisions, framed within environmental political management with an ecofeminist vision, spotlight the integrative, binding, and influential role of women. This research adopts a political approach to constructing ideas for addressing socio-environmental problems in strategic ecosystems. This research provides new insights into community-based environmental management and its relationship with local ecofeminism, highlighting interaction with community knowledge as a key strategy for addressing and mitigating human-caused ecological problems.

The Socialization of Spouses and Its Reflections on Children's Psychological and Social Health -Background and Dimensions-

Boulanouar Teyb — 2026-07-09

Positive levels of psychological and social health among children can be reached when several factors are present. These factors give strength to a central social act. Its purpose is to preserve the human element and to maintain its role in society.Marriage, in its traditional meaning, is a conscious process. It shapes the behaviour of children from an early age. It also prepares them to assume responsibilities and to understand what is expected of them within the social group to which they belong.Society is a system of relations and functions. Each individual is therefore expected to maintain the social structure and to activate the dynamics of its human components. In social custom, marriage becomes a conscious traditional act. It is based on foundations inherited across generations through the practice of choice.This choice may rest on compatibility. It may also be more realistic, especially when adults have information about the potential partner with whom they intend to share their life. The growth of emotional and daily-life needs pushes individuals to seek independence from the family of origin. It may also persuade them to comply with social custom, to understand the traits of the other partner, and to expect a dignified life with them.In this sense, marriage aims to build a family that preserves family lineage. It also transmits the values of society from one generation to another. Socialization institutions must prepare future spouses before marriage. They must introduce them to the principles and rules of marital life.This tradition is a survival strategy. It seeks to repair the social structure and to support the continuity of social life. Within the family environment, practices emerge in which each spouse performs duties toward the other before demanding rights. This may make the whole family, especially children, more psychologically balanced and more socially harmonious.

The Impact of Digital Stress on the Academic Performance of University Professors: A Theoretical Approach

Rima ZENANRA — 2026-07-04

The world in the third millennium has witnessed an increasing orientation toward digitalization, which has become a fundamental pillar in the management of social institutions. The university is considered one of these institutions, especially after the shift toward hybrid education and remote work brought about by the coronavirus pandemic. In this research paper, we will address one of the consequences of this transformation, namely the digital stress experienced by university professors as a result of the excessive and unorganized use of technological tools, with the aim of identifying the dimensions of this stress and its effects on the efficiency and quality of their academic performance.

E-Servicescape and Perceived Green Value: Shaping Digital Consumer Behavior in the Sustainable Tourism Sector -An Empirical Study of a Sample of Users of the Al-Aurasi Hotel Website-

Sabiha Hammad — 2026-06-26

This study examines how the e‑servicescape of hotel websites and perceived green value shape digital consumer behavior in the sustainable tourism sector, focusing on users of the El‑Aurassi Hotel website. It adopts a quantitative descriptive–analytical approach and collects data through an online questionnaire administered to website users. The e‑servicescape is conceptualized through key dimensions such as aesthetic appeal, usability, interactivity, and green‑oriented personalization, while perceived green value reflects users’ assessment of the hotel’s environmental commitment and the added ecological benefit of choosing its services.The findings show that respondents hold generally positive perceptions of the website’s e‑servicescape, especially regarding usability and clarity of information. Results also indicate a positive and statistically significant effect of the e‑servicescape on perceived green value, which in turn supports more favorable digital consumer behaviors, such as intention to book, preference for the hotel, and willingness to engage in positive electronic word‑of‑mouth. The study concludes that a well‑designed, user‑friendly, and environmentally communicative website can serve as a strategic lever to enhance perceived green value and promote more sustainable tourism choices online, and it offers theoretical and practical recommendations for designing sustainability‑oriented e‑servicescapes.

Entrepreneurial Support as a Mechanism for Enhancing the Success of Startups: A Field Study in the Province of Oran

Amine Guennoun — 2026-07-11

Startups are considered one of the main pillars of economic development due to their ability to innovate and adapt to economic changes, as well as their contribution to economic diversification, job creation, and unemployment reduction. Recognizing their importance, Algeria has adopted a range of policies and mechanisms aimed at supporting this sector and enhancing its contribution to sustainable development.Within this context, this study aims to analyze the impact of entrepreneurial support on the success of startups through a field study conducted on a sample of entrepreneurs in the Province of Oran, using the descriptive-analytical approach. The findings revealed the continued growth of the startup sector in Algeria, particularly within the private sector. They also confirmed that entrepreneurial support institutions play a pivotal role in enhancing the success of startups by providing entrepreneurs with the necessary guidance, mentoring, and support to transform their ideas into successful and sustainable business ventures.

The Impact of Social Media Marketing on Algerian Tourists' Attitudes Towards Domestic Tourism: The Facebook Platform as a Model

Abdelkader Bensehih — 2026-06-29

This study examines and analyzes the impact of Facebook marketing on Algerian tourists' attitudes toward domestic tourism. It combines theoretical grounding with a quantitative field test. The study uses a conceptual model in which Facebook marketing is treated as a multidimensional independent variable. Its dimensions are the quality and diversity of marketing content, interactivity, the credibility and quality of influencer content, relevance and trendiness, and customization. Tourists' attitudes are treated as the dependent variable. They are measured through three dimensions: the cognitive, affective, and behavioral dimensions. The study adopts the descriptive analytical method. Data were collected through an online questionnaire addressed to a sample of Algerian tourists. The final sample included 244 valid responses, which were analyzed using SPSS 24. The results show a strong and statistically significant effect of Facebook marketing on Algerian tourists' attitudes toward domestic tourism. They also show that customization is the strongest determinant of Algerian tourists' attitudes. It is followed by relevance and trendiness, then interactivity, and then the credibility and quality of influencer content. By contrast, the quality and diversity of marketing content did not maintain an independent effect in the multiple regression model.